Vaccines triggering neutralizing antibodies does not mean sterilizing immunity.
This article
covid-19 vaccine protocols reveal that trials are designed to succeed covers the endpoints/success criteria for the leading vaccine candidates.
It is actually necessary for participants in the trials to become infected in order to prove it works. Therefore its not possible they provide sterilizing immunity otherwise the trials would produce no data.
All of the leading vaccine candidates are intramuscular injections. Up until this point in time vaccines of this type have not been able to produce enough antibodies in the upper respiratory tract to prevent infections.
This
Nasal vaccine against COVID-19 prevents infection in mice sounds promising in regards to sterilizing immunity but it has not entered human trials.
I think a lot of the announcements in the press regarding when vaccines will be ready or how effective they will be are nothing more than attempts to gather interest from investors and inflate share prices for the pharma companies.